Additionally to the electronic excitation states which are known from atoms, molecules are able to rotate and to vibrate.
3.
In addition to the electronic excitation states which are known from atoms, molecules exhibit rotational and vibrational modes whose energy levels are quantized.
4.
Specifically, a photon of this wavelength is emitted when the electron of a hydrogen atom changes its excitation state from n = 3 to n = 2.
5.
Such state-changes happen very frequently when an electron is captured by an ionised hydrogen atom ( a proton ), and the electron cascades down from some higher excitation state to n = 1.
6.
By applying the ideas of quantum mechanics to strings it is possible to deduce the different vibrational modes ( excitation states ) of strings, and that each vibrational state appears to be a different particle.
7.
In the electronic excited state molecules quickly relax to the lowest vibrational level of the lowest electronic excitation state ( Kasha's rule ), and from there can decay to the electronic ground state via photon emission.
8.
Each of these two states ( technetium-99m and technetium-99 ) qualifies as a different nuclide, illustrating one way that nuclides may differ from isotopes ( an isotope may consist of several different nuclides of different excitation states ).
9.
Multiple excitation states have been observed for 80 Y and 97 Y . While most of yttrium's isomers are expected to be less stable than their ground state, 78m Y, 84m Y, 85m Y, 96m Y, 98m1 Y, 100m Y, and 102m Y have longer half-lives than their ground states, as these isomers decay by beta decay rather than isomeric transition.
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